A
STUDY ON THE TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS OF ENGLISH IN THE SIXTH YEAR OF SD
NEGERI PACITAN I
CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
of the Study
Since a long time ago, in Indonesia there are native
or first language, second language and foreign language. The native or first
language is the language which is known or learned for the first time when we
are children. This language is spoken in daily conversation in our environment
or local area. The examples of native language are : Java, Sunda, Batak, etc.
Our second language is Indonesian and it is our national language too, while
the foreign language in Indonesia is English. English is a foreign language and
English is not used as a daily means of communication in Indonesia. English is
just taught as a subject matter in formal schools.
In Indonesia to acquire English as a foreign language
needs teaching learning process. Nowadays, English has already been formally
introduced and taught to the fourth year elementary students. English is needed
as a means of communication. Thus, it has been introduced since Elementary
School to give an opportunity for students to give the English instruction.
Even, some kindergartens in big cities have introduced English as a subject. On
the other hand, many informal education institutions and courses are also
offering the same program as the formal education.
Language is a means of communication which plays the
most important role in human society. It distinguishes man from other
creatures, like clearly distinguishing between man and animal, as what Krech
(1963: 273) says :
"Man's greatest achievement and the sign that above all others
distinguishes him from the great ape is language ... Language makes possible
the communication of meanings and sharing of experiences among people, enabling
them to form and enduring society and create and transfer a distinctive
culture".
By means of language man interacts with others in his
society. The real fact that man lives among others makes him melting in many
situations in which language is really involved. So, language is something
unforgettable and unavoidable which people are connected with. It is quite
unreasonable demand on us to leave it.
We are fully aware that English as the greatest
international language has come to the front rapidly in the last century. The
government program in education and culture department will improve the role of
Indonesia in international affairs. English is not only used to communicate but
to get knowledge as well. Many textbooks in technologies, economics and science
of other disciplines are recently published in English. The growth of English
infiltrates in almost all fields of life such as commerce, communication,
tourism, science and technology and many others. Recently, English has grown to
its present status as the Major World Language.
In our beloved country, Indonesia, English is the
first foreign language. The government has adopted English as the first
language taught in every schools in Indonesia from the secondary school until
the university.
But, since 1994 the government has new program that
English is taught since the fourth grade of the elementary. So that, it is put
into the curriculum as a foreign language, English is taught in formal schools.
In foreign language situation the thousands of English learners tend to have an
instrumental motivation for learning the foreign language. Indonesia needs to
transfer science and technology from other countries as a consequence of being
a developing country. This situation may be an instrumental motivation which
insist Indonesians to posses a good English proficiency, especially for those
who are educated. That is why, English is instructed in every formal school.
To provide the skillful and sophisticated manpower,
our government has held the real act to prepare it. That is the proof, by
including on 1994 curriculum, that English is not only studied at secondary and
high schools but also chosen as "Mualan Lokal" at Elementary
School. It is really the first best step, because children are very limited in
use. So that the learners will get less speech to imitate because of no more
people using English in communication. Whereas, it must be aware that the
learners can speak nothing before listening of first. And their imitations will
not guarantee them to be qualified in English. The learners themselves must
realize that they have their own tongues, Indonesian's. According to Robert
Lado (1964: 50), says :
Speech can be invented by the student; it has been imitated. Poor
models, poor imitations. Good models do not guarantee good imitations, but they
are necessary to permit good responses.By coming an English subject to
Elementary School as "Muatan Lokal". It
will prosecute the Elementary School teachers to teach English. Eventhough, it
is something new for them. In teaching of English, they involve both the
language skills, such as: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and language
aspects, such as: structure, vocabulary, pronunciation and so on. Besides
teaching of English for children, a teacher has to understand about developing
psychology of children, what children interested in to be the focus in teaching
like singing songs, playing games, and so on.
According to the above background, the writer would
like to study on the Teaching and Learning Process of English at Elementary
School.
B.
Research
Questions
The questions of this research paper is as follows :
1.
How
is the implementation by the English teacher of Elementary School in teaching
learning process in the sixth year of SD Negeri 1 Pacitan ?
C.
Objectives
of the Study
In order to reach the goal of study, the writer
formulates the problem as follows :
1. To describe the implementation of
English teacher of Elementary School in teaching learning process in the sixth
year of SD Negeri I Pacitan
D.
Benefit
of the Study
The study is intended eventually to know the teaching
and learning process of English at Elementary School students. The writer uses
Elementary School students an object of study because English is something new
for them. It is the best chance to put the basic foundation to determine the
students ability in English.
This study can be used as a good device to know the
original ability of Elementary School students in studying English before they
continue to higher grades. This will help the teacher to plan the best method
and technique in teaching and learning process of English at Elementary School.
Hopefully, the future ability of students will be better by the right treatment
and strategy in teaching and learning process.
E.
Research
Paper Organization
This thesis consist of five chapters :
Chapter I is an introduction which contains background
of knowledge, review of related literature, research problem, objectives of the
study, benefits of the study,
Chapter II is review of related literature which
consists of principles of language teaching, the importance of English for
children, teaching of English for children, approaches of teaching English for
children, instructional materials, learning English for children, teaching and
learning activities, and the teacher-student relationship
Chapter III is research methodology which describes
research method, technique of checking data credibility, research setting,
subject of the study, data source, methods of collecting data, methods of
analyzing the data, Chapter IV is Analysis and Discussion Chapter V is
Conclusion and Suggestion.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arikunto, Suharsimi, 1986. Prosedure Penelitian : Suatu
Pendekatan Paktik. Jakarta : Bina Aksara.
Asher, James J, 1998. Learning Another Language through Actions:
The Complete Teacher's Guidebook, Los Gatos. California: Sky Oaks
Productions with classroom-Tested Lessons by Carol Adamski.
Anthony, Edward M, 1965. Approach, Method, and Technique in
Teaching English at a Second Language. New York: Prentice Hall.
Brown, Douglas H, 1995. Principles of Language
Learning and Teaching. San Francisco: Prentice Hall Regent.
Chomsky, N, 1996. Linguistic Theory in Mead. 1996: 43. Reprinted
also in Allen and Van Buren; 1971 :152.
Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1994. Garis-garis
Besar Pengajaran, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar . Jakarta
: Balai Pustaka.
Echols, John M, and Hasan Shadily. Kamus Inggris - Indonesia,
Indonesia - Inggris. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
Lado, Robert, 1994. Language Teaching : A Scientific Approach. London:
Longman Green and Co.
Littlewood, William, 1983. Communicative Language Teaching : An
Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Piepho, H. E, 1981. Establishing
Objective in the Teaching of English, In C. Candlin (ed),
The Communicative Teaching of English: Principles and an Exercise Typology. London:
Longman.
Richard, J. C, 1992. The Context of Language Teaching. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Richard, J. C, and Theodore S. Rogers, 1993. Approach and
Methods in Language Teaching. London: Cambridge University Press.
Rivers, Wilga M, 1981. Teaching
Foreign Language Skills. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
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